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Are you blending rather than chewing your food?

With families on the go every day it’s often easier to down a smoothie for breakfast than to sit down and eat.

Parents also find blending fruit and vegetables with milk or juice can be an easy way to get children to have their 5+ Day servings of fruit and vegetables

There are definitely times when a smoothie made with low-fat milk and tablespoon of yoghurt with a piece of fresh fruit is a useful form of nutrition.

  • Particularly after school, work or sport to maximize recovery
  • A way of supplementing the nutrient needs of people when they are sick or recovering from surgery, particularly oral surgery. However as convenient as they are its important not to rely too heavily on a blender to do our chewing for us. Let’s see why chewing is important to good health and what happens when we chew.

The Mastication System

Mastication or chewing is a rhythmic process with finely synchronized movements of the mastication system i.e the teeth, tongue and orofacial muscles that together breakdown large portions of food into a soft bolus as it mixes with saliva making food safer and easier to swallow and increases the availability of nutrients for absorption. Chewing helps us to:

Strengthens our jaw, teeth and orofacial muscles

improving the way we breath and speak allowing words to be pronounced better and making our face more expressive.1

Develops our sense of taste

increasing the release of flavours and aromatic molecules into the mouth that contribute to our enjoyment of food.

Protects our teeth

as we chew saliva washes food debris and bacteria remaining in the mouth away from the teeth helping to reduce dental caries

Develops the brain

as it stimulates blood flow to the prefrontal cortex in the brain increasing our alertness, working memory and cognition 1

Aids digestion and gut health

Chewing releases saliva which contains enzymes such as amylase which breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) and lingual lipase that breaks down fat. Chewing food into smaller particles reduces the risk of fermentation of incompletely digested food causing bacterial overgrowth in the gut that can lead to indigestion, bloating, flatulence and constipation. Chewing inefficiently has been associated with a greater prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescence 2

Builds immunity

Saliva also contains lysozyme, which is a protein that has an antimicrobial role providing protection against bacteria, viruses and fungi. Saliva also contains an enzyme called peroxidase that suppresses carcinogens. In addition saliva contains epithelial growth factor that contributes to wound healing and to the maintenance of the mucosa that lines the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.1

Varies our diet and controls our weight 

If we are unable to chew because of tooth loss, poor bite or dentition, jaw injury or oral surgery then our intake of dietary fibre can decline along with our food choices.3 This can be a real problem for elderly people. Dietary fibre is found in a wide variety of breads and cereals, fruits and vegetables and it helps to provide bulk to our diet making us feel full, slowing down our eating, improving bowel function, helping us control our weight and cholesterol by altering fat absorption.

Summing up

So, while making a smoothie is a popular, easy way to consume our calories and recover from sport or a hectic day at school or work, it is important to still chew most of the food we eat. Processing our food can also make us hungrier. For people unable to chew well due to age, declining health, poor dentition, injury or oral surgery then they should discuss their situation with a dietitian as they will need more than just smoothies to meet their daily nutrient needs.

Other articles by Lea on similar topics
Milk is a valuable sports nutrition supplement
5 good reasons to eat breakfast
Dental health focus
Taste is important to fluid consumption
What’s to drink?
8 tips to help break the sugar habit
Juice diets-are they as healthy as they sound?

References:

1. Kumar. A. et al Chewing and its influence on swallowing, gastrointestinal and nutritional  related factors: a systematic review. Food Science and Nutrition 14 July 2022

2.Khayyatzadeh, S. S., S. M. R. Kazemi-Bajestani, S. J. Mirmousavi, M. Heshmati, S.Khoshmohabbat, G. A. Ferns, and M. Ghayour-Mobarhan. 2018. Dietary behaviors in relation to prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescent girls. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 33 (2):40410. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13908. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®][Google Scholar]

3. Kwon, S. H., H. R. Park, Y. M. Lee, S. Y. Kwon, O. S. Kim, H. Y. Kim, and Y. S. Lim. 2017. Difference in food and nutrient intakes in Korean elderly people according to chewing difficulty: Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 (6th). Nutrition Research and Practice 11 (2):13946. doi: https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2017.11.2.139. [Crossref], [PubMed][Google Scholar]

About the author View all

Lea Stening

Lea is one of New Zealand’s leading paediatric dietitians and also specialises in Sports Nutrition. She has specialised in Paediatric Nutrition for 31 years and in 1985 was the first paediatric dietitian to enter private practice in New Zealand. Lea helps families through her private consultations, public lectures, newspaper and magazine articles as well as television and radio interviews. Read more »

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